What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?

The primary function of glucagon in the body is to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, particularly when blood sugar levels are low. When the body needs to elevate blood glucose levels—such as during fasting or physical exertion—glucagon is released into the bloodstream. Its main action is to promote the conversion of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose (a process known as glycogenolysis) and to stimulate gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

This regulation of blood glucose is essential for maintaining energy supply, especially for the brain and muscles, which rely heavily on glucose as a primary energy source. By increasing blood glucose levels, glucagon works in opposition to insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels, thereby ensuring that energy balance is maintained in the body.