What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

The differentiation between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes lies primarily in the underlying mechanisms that lead to the conditions. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, necessitating lifelong insulin therapy for management of blood glucose levels.

On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes is predominantly characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, combined with a relative deficiency in insulin production. This means that while the pancreas may still produce insulin, it is not sufficient to meet the body's demands due to the resistance present in the tissues. This distinction is crucial as it influences not only the pathophysiology but also the treatment approaches for each type.

Recognizing this fundamental difference allows healthcare providers to cater treatment strategies that address the specific needs of individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, ensuring better management of blood glucose levels and overall health.