What is the main function of GLP-1 receptor agonists in diabetes treatment?

The primary function of GLP-1 receptor agonists in diabetes management is to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and decrease glucagon release. These medications mimic the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a naturally occurring incretin hormone that is secreted in response to food intake. When GLP-1 levels are increased, this leads to increased production of insulin from the pancreas when glucose levels are elevated. Additionally, GLP-1 receptor agonists also work to suppress the release of glucagon, a hormone that normally raises blood glucose levels. This dual action not only helps to lower blood glucose levels effectively but also reduces the risk of hypoglycemia, as the secretion of insulin is directly tied to the presence of glucose.

GLP-1 receptor agonists have other beneficial effects including promoting satiety, which can lead to weight loss rather than weight gain, and delaying gastric emptying, which helps in controlling appetite. This makes them particularly useful for individuals with type 2 diabetes who may also struggle with obesity.

In contrast, options that focus on decreasing insulin resistance, such as the first choice, do not accurately represent the mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor agonists operate, as these drugs do not primarily function